Effect And Consequences Phenomena Of Habitat Fragmentation Biology Essay

ready And Consequences Phenomena Of home ground Fragmentation Biology EssayHabitat atomisation is before long mavin of the most concern topics in threatening butt of biodiversity. It is a natural process which a incident habitat is separated and split up into low-spiriteder pieces due to physical barriers such as mountains, rivers and otherwise landscapes. This process takes move into within a long period of time, and speciation occurs through it. However, the hindrance of human activities has attachd the rate of habitat atomisation. The activities include rural development, agriculture, and urbanisation and habitat destruction caused by these activities happened in short period of time. Species be unable to adapt to the rapid changes of their surrounding, subsequently some species are imperil and finally go extinct. In this essay, an overview on the effects and consequences, and the solutions of habitat atomisation bequeath be explored.Over centuries, people esp ecially prospective developers claim been debating on the issue of the shield and conservation of habitat. What is the of the essence(p) of habitat and why do we take away it? This is the most common question people asked. condescension human gain profit from the natural environment, we seldom appreciate and comprehend the need for taking care of it. A habitat is a place which consists of biotic and abotic factors that elevate the survival of various species in a particular area (Miller Hobbs 2007). Each species plays an important role to the environment and formed a biodiversity. Correspondingly, we obtain galore(postnominal) natural resources through biodiversity. For example, medicine, food, woods, and water are sources that beat from the natural environment. Furthermore, habitat is essential for future resources such as advanced cure for diseases from a plant species that are not yet discovered. Habitat keep backs the genetic diversity of species and supports life th erefore there is a need to protect the habitat so that it continues to support life.Effect and ConsequencesPhenomena of habitat fragmentationHabitat fragmentation begins when there is a decrease in the numerate area of habitat due to habitat loss. The fragmented habitats areas are minuteer and separated with further distance from each other. Similarly, the species population is also separate into smaller groups but increase in the number of patches. As a result, isolation of species occurs and prevents breeding in different areas. The flow of gene system in the same population and are not allowed to exchange to a broader area. The genetic diversity of a species eventually decreases and the gene variation croak lesser.Habitat lossThe loss of habitat caused limited resources for the species to survive. There will be less food source and nesting site. Furthermore, species have toweringer guess of getting expose to their predator. For example, the reproductive rate of woodland bi rd was abnormal by high level of nest predation and parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in highly fragmented forest located in the Midwestern narrate of United State (Sanderson Moulton 1999). This mountain be assumed that the loss of habitat provide insufficient nesting sites for the forest bird to reproduce. On the other hand, cowbirds house easily find and target the nests of the forest bird. Eventually, this factor contribute to high mortality rate while low reproductive rate of forest birds.Edge effectHabitat fragmentation also leads to habitat pass on, which is a boundary formed among the habitat and the disturbed environment. The geographical zone formed prevents species to migrate from place to place, thus limited the teemingness and distribution of species in certain area. The risk of breeding failure is higher for species which resilient in a small fragmented forest due to small population, compared to the species in large habitats size. In additi on to that, the habitat edge acts as a physical barrier to the species in small fragmented forest, hence they are unable to cross over to other larger fragmented area. Consequently, this factor has increased the loss of species. For instance, a question has conducted on the study of species-area relationship in a threatened monkey community (Marshall et. al. 2010) and found that the habitat area has the greatest contribution to the abundance and diversity of monkey species. Likewise, a small habitat does not favor in species diversity.Impact to humanSome people think that habitat do not affect much on the human society, but habitat destruction brings massive negative impacts on human being. initiative of all, the loss of habitat indicates that the loss of biodiversity and this further implies on the loss of many bioresources which is essential to us. Habitat destruction also leads to imbalance on bionomical cycles such as nitrogen and carbon cycle. The natural habitat plays an important role on converting nitrogen in air to nitrogen-contained compound which can be used by living organisms, as hearty as reduces level of carbon in the atmosphere. The disruption of these cycles by human eventually leads to many unfavorable situations such as acid rain, climate change, etcetera Moreover, habitat destruction also increases the occurrences of natural disaster such as flood and landslide as habitat serves as a protection from it.Solutions to Habitat FragmentationHabitat RestorationHabitat replication refers to the execute that contributes to the re-building process of a habitat. The purpose of habitat restoration is to restore biodiversity by protecting and improving the damaged habitats. Strategy used for habitat restoration depends on different situations. Figure 1.0 shows the determination of conditions before developing the ending for habitat restoration.Figure 1.0 Requirement for the development of habitat restoration dodge (Miller Hobbs 2007).Agri-en vironmental schemes are introduced by the British government in order to maintain the vegetative structure and prevent further habitat destruction by agriculture. Research (Moro Gadal 2007) has showed that the relationship between the abundance and diversity of small worldwide mammals and the restored fragmented forest have a positive association. It indicated that habitat heterogeneousness provides more vegetative structures, thus more small mammals species can address with their surroundings.Challenges in habitat restorationDespite conservation of habitat becomes one of the concern topic globally, there are still others problem that must be solved and these problems have opposite direction to habitat restoration. The rapid growth of global human population is the main factor of all. The increase in human population size requires more land for urbanization. nutrient crisis is also another factor contribute to deforestation for farming in order to supply more food. Therefore t he government should project a suitable plan in order to maintain the balance between human need and the biodiversity of the natural environment.ConclusionIn summary, habitat fragmentation caused by human activities leads to negative effects on the biodiversity as well as to human benefit. The problem of habitat fragmentation should be conscious by the public so that actions can be taken and spare the continuing of habitat destruction.?