To determine enthalpy change Essay Example for Free

To determine atomic number 1 change EssayChemistry science laboratory report 1) Experiment No 8A 2) Objective To determine the wake up of formation of atomic number 20 carbonate. 3) Date twenty-sixth Nov, 2010 4) Theory The experiment consists of 2 segments a) In the 1st part, an accurately weighed known mass of atomic number 20 is added to a given dilute hydrochloric acerbic. During the addition, the following occurs Ca(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) With the serve well of the data of waken change of the solution mixture, the come heat evolved by one mole of calcium during the reaction tolerate be calculated. b) In the second part, an accurately weighed known mass of calcium carbonate is added to a given dilute hydrochloric acid. During the addition, the following occurs CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) With the help of the data of heat change of the solution mixture, the average heat evolved by one mole of calcium carbonate during the reaction can be c alculated. After that, by using a suitable energy-cycle diagram, and applying Hesss law, the heat formation of formation of calcium carbonate can be calculated.5) Procedure Please refer to the lab. manual 6) Data 1st Part Reaction of calcium with dil. Hydrochloric acid Experiment No 1 2 jackpot of Ca used / g 0. 53 0. 51 Volume of hydrochloric acid used 100cm3 second Part Reaction of calcium carbonate with dil. Hydrochloric acid Experiment No 1 2 Mass of CaCO3 used / g 2. 13 2. 05 Molar mass of calcium carbonate = 100 g/mol Volume of hydrochloric acid used = 100 cm3 7) Calculation Note No temperature drop can be observed after the max temperature is attained for 4 readings.Note No temperature drop can be observed after the max temperature is attained for 4 readings. Extrapolation procedure cannot be done. Therefore, the temperature change of 1st part exp. = 28-25 = +3oC the temperature change of 2nd part exp = Enthalpy change in 2nd parts reaction Hf H2O(l) = -242000 J mol-1 Hf CO 2(g)= -393500 J mol-1 source physical chemisty I of Fillans By Hesss law HfCaCO3(s) = H1 + Hf H2O(l) + Hf CO2(g) H2 = -688. 79 kJ mol-1 8) Discussion 1. Why is the exact concentration of hydrochloric acid unimportant? The exact concentration of the hydrochloric acid was unimportant as it was present in excess, that was, to provide enough H+(aq) to react with calcium.At the said(prenominal) time, the exact concentration of hydrochloric acid would affect the calculation afterwards. 2. State the law which you use for calculating the heat of formation of calcium carbonate. On which thermodynamic principle does it depends? The law used was the Hesss law. It depends on the standard enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction takes place, which only depends on the difference between the standard enthalpies of reactants and products, i. e. conservation of energy. 3. Why is this law useful?This principle is useful as the standard enthalpy change of some reaction might not be able to line up directly, and thus Hesss law can be used and the standard the enthalpy change of the reaction can be calculated indirectly by this method. 4. Discuss the possible sources of errors. State how to minimize the possible errors. A. The substantiality labeled calcium is suspected to be calcium oxide, which show white color but not grey shinny color. B. Heat produced the reaction might heat up the air inside the beaker, which cannot be avoided. C. Error in reading thermometer D. Error in weighing.

Police Brutality Essay Example for Free

practice of law Brutality set aboutMost of us have seen the videotape of jurisprudence officers savagely beating Rodney King. But how typical was this expression? The Rodney King incident is not representative of most jurisprudence officers around the country. Television video displays, newscasts, and written media exasperate the problem when they do not focus on the criminal as the root of the problem. Current images of the constabulary argon drawn largely from television programs bearing little resemblance to reality (Delattre 29). natural law brutality is a matter of serious concern, but it is not as prevalent as the media would have us believe. Police brutality is not a national crisis.Rodney King has become synonymous with natural law brutality. But what is police brutality? Bornstein states that police brutality is the use of riotous overstretch by police officers (39). Most police argon trained to use only the minimum amount of force necessary to control a a ssumption situation. The decision to use force is often made on a split second root word usually under difficult circumstances. The boundaries between justify and excessive force can sometimes be blurred under these circumstances. Under one set of circumstances, a particular action might be considered justified, but under differing circumstances, the same action might be considered brutality.Most cops do not deal to hurt people cops sometimes use unnecessary force. They also use extraordinary restraint (Sulc 80). more police officers feel anguish after using fully justified force few state pleasure in it. There are great strains on individual police officers competing responsibilities, values, temptations, fears, and expectations. Police officers are called on to be patient mediators, skilled therapists, effective admonishers, daring crime fighters, obedient members of paramilitary agencies, and so onIn the midst of these requirements is the military unit inherent in police wo rk. Police officers often witness women batter by husbands and boyfriends, children burned and broken by parents, pedestrians maimed by drunk drivers, teachers raped by students, and gratuitous strangers savaged by predators inour streets. Even so, most police do not have a ambuscade mentality. They go on the force knowing what they will have to encounter. They like their jobs and are ready and fitting to stand the pressureusually. Some police adjust poorly to the pressures of police work. They become cynical from the danger, the perceived hardship of the system, and the repetitiveness of their work. Some police officers despair over the violence, suffering, hopelessness, and ignorance they encounter every day. Even so, the majority of police officers continue the performance of their duties without resorting to brutality. In spite of the seriousness of the publicized incidents, far more serious than police brutality is the frequency of disgrace and murder perpetrated against the police.According to the U.S. Department of judges Police Use of Force, 44.6 million people, or 21% of the population had face to face contact with police during 1996. Police contacts that resulted in the use of force or the threat of force totaled only five hundred thousand, or one per centum of the total. Often times the use of force was preceded by some exciting action. Criminals often threaten the officer, assault the officer, argue or interfere with an arrest, posses a weapon, try to escape, elude, or resist arrest. After accounting for justified use of force, which is inherent in police work, less than one quarter of one percent of police contacts resulted in questionable use of force.This is hardly an epidemic. Given the small number of cases, a preliminary shutting that could be drawn is that use of force is rare in police-citizen contacts and it is often accompaniedby some possibly provocative behavior (Police 14). On the flip side, if the media cares to report the f lip side, 46,695 police officers were assaulted in 1996 (United States 65), resulting in 14,985 injuries and 55 deaths (United States 3). The statistics show that police officers are brutalized three thousand seven hundred and sixty times more often than criminals are.Americans are well served with professional dedication and with frequent instances of physical courage. The people who stand between violence and the public are the police. Sometimes criminals do not want to cooperate, but police are politic expected to arrest them. Most police officers abhorviolence and despise fellow officers who use excessive force. Police brutality is not the epidemic we are led to believe it is. Let police do their job, if they violate the law, prosecute them as individuals without condemning every police officer in the country.Works CitedBorenstein, Jerry. Police Brutality. New Jersey Enslow, 1993.Delattre, Edwin J. Character and Cops Ethics in Policing. Washington, DC American Enterprise Insti tute of state-supported Policy Research, 1989.Police Use of Force Bureau of Justice Statistics Website. 22 November 1998.Sulc, Lawrence. Police Brutality Is not a Widespread Problem. Policing the Police. Ed. Paul A. Winters. San Diego 1995. 79.United States. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services Division. Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted. Washington, DC GPO, 1997

Philosophy of Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Classroom Management EssayMy philosophy on schoolroom management begins with schooling and being familiar with the various rolls that a teacher plays on an everyday basis. I didnt notice until taking this course that a teacher assumes so many rolls during the day. He or she takes on rolls such as a p arnt, a social worker, an advisor, a counselor, and a judge.During my classroom observations and renderings, I have comeledgeable that I go out go into different types of students. There will be the bully, leader, follower, instigator, and the escape goat who in other words is the victim. In order to find out who and what is what, the students would have to be in groups to nightfall point who is playing what roll.There will also be times when I will run into parents of my students. Since reading our text my eyes have really been open on how and what to say to a parent. The stolon thing I would say as a teacher when I see something that is unusual or so a st udent, I would read the parent that I concurred with his or her child. Then I would proceed to tell the facts that I ga in that locationd to let him or her know that I opinion something negative has happened. I feel that as the teacher I should know what is going on in every part of my classroom at all times. To help with my classroom surveillance, I will use witnesses momentum, smoothness, group alerting, accountability, overlapping and satiation. only of these will contribute to my teaching profession.According to Dreikur and the Canters, there are five types of teachers (Charles, 2008). Dreikur states that I could be an autocratic, democratic, or a permissive teacher. The autocratic teacher makes his or her own decisions whereas the democratic teacher is an opinionated educator. Finally, there is the permissive teacher who is the unpredictable teacher. The Canters defined three types of teachers. The hostitle teacher views the students as adversaries. The non-assertive teacher takes a tone ending approach to students, and last but not least the assertive teacher clearly, confidently, and consistently, expresses class expeditions to students.After reading C.M. Charles book Building Classroom Discipline, I learned what a teacher should say and do to and for his or her students. According to Dreikur, teachers should always speak in positive terms. Teachers should encourage students to strive for improvement, not perfection. stress should be placed on students strengths while minimizing their weaknesses and teachers should help students learn from mistakes. Independence should be greatly further along with the assumption of responsibility. I would set to accomplish the latter task by letting my students know that I have faith in them and I would show pride in their work. I would be very optimistic and en soiastic and use encouraging remarks such as You have improved, and Can I help you (Charles, 2008).There are five types of behaviors that I know will occ ur in my class. The scratch line behavior is aggression. Aggression is physical and verbal attack on the teacher, students or property. Secondly is immorality which are acts contrary to accepted morality such as cheating, lying, and stealing. Defiance of authority is the third behavior that will possibly occur in my classroom. Defiance of authority is when students refuse to do what is requested. Finally, class disruption is public lecture loudly, walking about the room, clowning, tossing things, and goofing off. Goofing off can be attributed to fooling around, out of seat, not doing assigned tasks and daydreaming.Fredric Jones abbreviation of the numerous classroom observations uncovered five clusters of teacher skills that keep students productively at work and thus preventing misbehavior. Those clusters deal with classroom structure to discourage behavior transmitting through personify language apply say, see, and do teaching to maximize students attention and involvement r esponsibility training through incentive system, and providing economic help to individual students (Charles, 2008).All the theorists in C.M. Charles book, Building Classroom Discipline will give me pro help as a perspective teacher. I believe his book goes from beginning to end and from procedures to misbehavior, to body language to what types of students will most likely enter my class. What I have learned from his book and what I am currently learning from Mrs. Palmer is there is no way I will not get it right the first time.

Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel Essay Example for Free

Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel EssayFriedrich Wilhelm Froebel is said to be the Father of the Kindergarten for his huge involvement, and devoting his life to the ontogeny of a system of education for young children. In German, the word kindergarten means childrens garden, and he design that this was best in the age of six and younger. He spent his entire life overhauling with the suppuration of the young and early childhood development. Wilhelm Froebel was born in the Thuringia region of Germany. He had a childhood that was non so fond for remembrance because of how terrible it had been for him. This is what shaped him to be able to come up with the topic of kindergarten. Froebel lost his m some other before the age of one, and this meant that he had been left field with this father who had to take c are of third male childs because Froebel had two other brothers. Their father never had much time for any of them. As a boy that would be hard for any child, and this caused him to nurse to spend most of his time alone at his home.He spent a lot of that time in the gardens by his home, and would play in that respect for most of the daylight (Coron 4). Exploring all day was what he loved to do the most, and this would make a major influence on what he would do for the rest of his life. He started teaching at a school when he was a young man at Frankfurt Model School, and this school was a school that was focused on the teachings of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who was a very well respected teacher of his day. This school accepted poor children, and orphans. He believed that children undeniable to be involved in very active ways. As he left this school, he left it with his very hands on learning approach, and went to privately tutor children. The parents of the children that he tutored were very kind in giving him space in their garden to use to help teach the children. In 1837 Froebel founded his first school, and called it Kindergarten, or the childrens garden (Coron 4).This was a very exciting thing because before he opened this school, if you were chthonic the age of seven, you did not attend school. At the age of seven, you then could go to school. Now that Froebel opened his school, children at the age of two were able to go to school (coron 3). Froebel was very free with the children, he allowed them to have a lot of activity time to be free with themselves, and figure things out. He believed that this was the best idea for them to have their own space, and time to figure out, as he did as a child. The mot that Froebel gave the children was a classroom, he believed that giving children a place to create, and imagine freely was the best gift anyone could have given them. Froebel wrote books, and in his book Education of Man he wrote Play is the highest phase of child development-the representation of the inner necessity and impulse. (coron 5). He thought that teachers should be friendly people who are helpers, not disciplina rians.In his classroom there were blocks, pets, and finger plays. (Coron 5). He was inspirational to all. Froebel designed his classroom to have the following things as meeting a childs needs Physical activity, because it is important for a child to move, the development of sensory cognisance and physical dexterity, creative expression, exploring of ideas, the pleasure of singing, the experience of living among others, and satisfaction of the soul. (Coron 4). These are all things we teach immediately to our children, and encourage our children to do. I think going back and looking at the bones of things could actually help our society as a whole. Froebel was a very inspirational man to a lot of other great theorists such as Maria Montessori, who started Montessori schools. (Coron 2). I am in great belief of how much of a influence Froebel had on the early childhood education as a whole.He rattling was the father of kindergarten. I think that him having such an influence, really helped us shape the early education now. Froebel believed that macrocosm are essentially productive, and creative (coron 1.) I believe he is right, no matter what age you are, you are creative in your own way. It starts out at birth, even with how you relate to your mother, and father is creative, and how you interpret things as a young child is important. I know that if Froebel had not been involved, that what we call early childhood now, would not be the same as it is now. I am a firm believer in how he started to do things, letting children develop their own ideas about who they are, and how to do things in the world around them is really all a part of life.

Transformational leadership Essay Example for Free

Transformational leading EssayDoes Academic Leaders influence Staffs whollyegiance to Service prize in Malaysia?This paper discussed the relationship between leadership fashion of transformational and the dedication to advantold age type among faculty member lags in public and private Malaysian Universities. It has been argued that superior value type performance is one of the list factors in building niche and having competitive edge that separates one from its competitors nationally and globally. Total useable questionnaires were 387 with a response rate of 36 share. The result revealed that in that respect is a significant relationship between transformational leadership style and fealty to usefulness character reference among donnish faculty at the Malaysian universities. This study implies to the constitution makers and academic leaders at the universities that they should focus in developing their academic staff, by tapping their potentials, inspiring them, promoting collaboration, make and reinforcing positive attitudes towards fealty to service quality. Future study should consider alternative modes of enquires much(prenominal) as employing the longitudinal method of data collection design and a nationwide survey covering samples from the whole state of the high institutions of learning in Malaysia that would be more significant in making generalizations . Keywords Service quality, Transformational Leadership, Commitment to Service Quality, Malaysia1. IntroductionExisting literature on facts of life indicates a motion towards preparational truth which is about world class branding, marketable academic programmes, query activities and facilities in attracting and retaining foreign and local students (Isahak, 2007), except how does one compete to be different?Governing bodies, in Malaysia much(prenominal) as the Malaysian efficacy Agency (MQA) provide accreditation to quality programmes that fulfill certain standards. But how do Malaysian Universities attempt to pillow competitive and maintain a sustainable growth in this volatile environment where programmes seen to be globally homogeneous in nature, competitive in terms of pricing, and significant in location and branding? Hudson et al. (2004) argued that refined service quality performance is one of the key factors in buildingmarket niche and a competitive edge that separates one from its competitors. Sim and Idrus (2004), Jusoh et al. (2004), and Sahney et al, (2008) concurred and uphold the notion that commitment from the academic staff in the education sector to the overall brassal goal such as in the delivery of high service quality is a better strategy as in the case of customer retention and satisfaction. Unfortunately, not much attention has been given to the issue of commitment to service quality among the academic staff in the higher education sector. There is an increasing thought supporting the idea that students evaluation of service quality in the Malaysian universities is to a large extent influenced by the way they are inured by the customer contact employee notably the academic staff (Hasan et al., 2008 Ismail Abiddin, 2009).Past researches have too suggested that some universities in Malaysia were losing students because their standard of service quality was not up to the expectation of the students (Jain et al., 2004 Firdaus, 2006 Latif et al., 2009). It was reported that the level of service quality in the Malaysian universities was just mediocre (Jusoh et al. 2004 Sim Idrus, 2004 Hasan et al., 2008, Ismail Abiddin, 2009). This arises concern in the way the students are being treated or handled. The implication of these students withdrawals may not only be costly to the students potential success in their career but similarly to the universities re enthroneation, operational and manpower costs (Curry, 2001). Butthe greatest loss of all give be in terms of potential intimacy workers to the nation.Studies on commitment to service quality are important and necessary but unfortunately at that place is still little progress in research in this area. Embracing commitment to service quality is mainly to bring about monetary growth and an image of sustain superpower to service organisations. Many questions about what really motivates commitment to service quality among academic staff remains unanswered, particularly in the context of education.Past leadership literatures have associated transformational leaders to organizational commitment, such as to service quality delivery (Jabnoun Rasasi, 2005) building relationships with customers (Liao Chuang, 2007) students engagement with schools (Leithwood Jantzi,1999) and towards school reforms (Geijsel et al., 2003). Nevertheless, empirical research on transformational leadership and commitment of academic staff to service quality is not extensive and in most past studies, their focus was on management or based on the analys is of the customer level. Individual focus, specifically on the study of academic staff is limited in developing countries, such as Malaysia.Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine the relationship between transformational leadership style and the academic staffs commitment to service quality at Malaysian Universities. Based on the findings of this research, it is hope that it would also provide some information and understanding that will assist the leaders and policy makers of the Malaysian Universities as employers to realize the contributions of their academic staff in securing profitability and wealth through the commitment of good service quality. 2. Literature Review2.1 Commitment to Service QualityStudies on the commitment to service quality in education literatures follow the same footpath as the general definition of affective commitment. Affective commitment is defined by Meyer and Allen (1991) as an employees emotional attachment to, identification with and involvement in the organization. Commitment to service quality is defined and understood asconformity to a specification (Martin 1986 Witt Steward, 1996 ONeil Palmer, 2004) and in achieving excellence (Peters Waterman, 1982). Clark et al. (2009) defined commitment to service quality as the dedication of employees to render service quality and the impulsiveness to go beyond what is expected of them.Past findings have also established that employees who are commit to the organization will remain loyal and are inversely related to turnover (Hartline et al., 2000 Elmadag et al., 2008). In such conditions, employees were known to spend more time and energy in assisting the organization realize its goals and they also put their own self interest aside (Porter et al., 1973 Tsai, 2008 Sohail Shaikh, 2004 Yiing Ahmad, 2008). ONeil (2000) in his study in higher education concurred on the importance of internal customer commitment to service quality as a meaning of gaining competit ive advantage. Satisfied outdoor(a) customers, for example the students, were reported to spread by word of mouth recommendations, which is a powerful tool in marketing (Cuthbert, 1996).2.2. Transformational LeadershipLeaderships can be of many facets and visages. They differ in effectiveness in terms of consequences of their actions towards internal and external stakeholders. Since organizations today are lining many challenges, there is a need for leaders in organizations to contribute not only in terms of knowledge or ideas but also in making right the decisions and responding to the changes (Horner, 1997 Christie, 2002). According to bass and Avolio (1990), transformational leaders will focus on developing their followers by tapping them of their potentials, inspiring them, promoting collaboration, motivating them and by reinforcing positive behaviours. Bass (1990) argues that transformational leaders are pertinent especially during turbulent times when rapid changes and glob alization takes place.Barnett et al. (2001), Antonakis et al., (2003) and Kirkbride (2006) preferred to thread transformational leadership based on five factors. They have adopted from Bass and Avolios (1995, 1997) studies. The five components as suggested by Barnett et al. (2001), Antonakis et al. (2003) and Kirkbride (2006) are individualized considerations, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivating, idealized influence (attributes) and idealized influence (behavior). gameboard 1 below presents the five components.Table 1 Five components of Transformational LeadershipVariablesIndividualizedconsiderationsCharacteristicsLeaders who spy their followers individual differences and will treat them individually.IntellectualstimulationLeaders, who encourage problem solving abilities and risks taking. They also encourage their followers to re-examine any problem first and not making assumptions unbeneficial to the organization.InspirationalmotivationLeaders, who have the abilit y to inspire and stimulate followers to perform well in accordance to their ability by giving them some sense of purpose. Leaders, who display attributes of charismatic and competence. They are confident in facing and solving problems and showing their powers for positive benefits.IdealizedInfluence(attributes)Idealize Leaders, who evidence charismatic behavior that comes with a high sense of morality. They are trustworthy, honest, high integrity and are set to Influenceachieve their accusation and purpose(behavior)Source Barnett et al. (2001), Antonakis et al. (2003) and Kirkbride (2006)In Malaysia, the study on transformational leadership styles is dominated in various avocation orbits and in relation to diverse predictors such as job satisfaction ( Yusof Shah, 2008) and organizational commitment (Azman, Al-Banna, Zaidi, Hamran Hanim,2011). Yet, there is a lack of research done in exploring on the issue in relation to employees commitment to service quality in education sett ing. In related studies by Lo, Ramayah and Min (2009) in manufacturing industry, they reported of a affectionate and positive relationship between transformational leadership style and employees continuance organizational commitment. This view was further supported by Boon and Arumugam (2006) in their study in semiconductor setting in Malaysia.They studied the influence of corporate culture on organizational commitment and found that in a corporate culture that placed emphasis in teamwork, communication, training and development and rewards, employees in translate have indicated a significantly higher commitment to the organization goals. Past study by Kasim (2010) had assay to explore the relationship of transformational leadership on the issue of gender among the deans, deputy deans and heads of section at the higher institutions in Malaysia. It was found that there was no significant relationship between gender and leadership style of transformational.However, in this turbule nt and ever changing environment, transformational leaders are much needed, especially when the educational leaders were experiencing threats of mergers or a append collapse and thus there in need of drastic changes in order to survive.3. look for Model and HypothesisThe proposed research model is depicted in Figure 3.1 below.TRANSFORMATIONAL leadershipCOMMITMENTTO SERVICEQUALITYFigure 3.1 Conceptual FrameworkThe hypothesized relationship between the dependent and freelance variable quantitys is developed in the following paragraph.Due to their charismatic and visionary nature, transformational leaders tend to foster strong feelings of emotional attachments to the organization, team mates and superiors so much so that they are willing to transcend their own self interest for the organization and become partners (Narimawati, 2007). Employees who were under transformational leaders were also seen to exhibit a high sense of commitment in service organization (Emery Barker 2007 Ng uni et al. 2006 McGuire Kennerly, 2006 Chen, 2004).As a result, the likelihood that transformational leadership styles would prompt high commitments especially when followers are made to realize that commitment to service quality will give their organization the competitive edge over other competitors and fulfill their customers satisfaction. Based on this assumption, the following hypothesis is postulatedH1a There is a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership style and the academic staffs commitment to service quality4. Methodology and Research Design4.1 Research DesignThis study was designed to investigate the relationship between independent variable of transformational leadership styles and dependent variable of commitment to service. The relevant units of analysis in this study focused on the academic staff in selected universities in Malaysia. Their perception of their immediate superiors such as the deans or heads of department or heads of schoo ls were closely studied to identify their commitment to service quality. A quantitative cross sectional survey research was employed in this study.The survey was conducted on both public and private universities in Malaysia. Approximately 1076 questionnaires were sent out with a total of 387 responses. Overall the response rate was 36 share which was slightly better than what was reported generally in the Malaysian context (Othman et al., 2001). To ensure similarity in characteristics, thesample of respondent chosen was based on the following i) a minimum academic staffs population of more than 150 and ii) the minimum number of ten (10) years of operation. Basically, universities were chosen referable to geographical convenience for accessibility to the respondents. Past researches in the education context for examples Arokiasamy et al. (2007), Noordin and Jusoff (2009) and Santhapparaj and Alam (2005) have also raddled most of their samples on the same basis and therefore have supported in terms of external validity of generalization of the findings (Ariffin,2006, Sakeran, 2005).4.2 Survey InstrumentThe questionnaire for the study consists of three (3) sections meant to capture the variables related to the leadership style, commitment to service quality and also the demographic section related to the academic staff. Transformational leadership was measured by using 20 items adapted from a later variance of MLQ instrument commonly known as MLQ 5x-short-forms. Although the factors that measure transformational leadership styles were distinctive, in this study a single dimensional construct for transformational style was adopted.This is in line with past empirical studies by Walumbwa et al. (2004, 2005) on transformational leadership construct. A recent modified version by Clark et al. (2009) was adapted in this study. A slight modification was made in order to backup the study context for measures for commitment to service quality items. Nine (9) items to measure the variable were selected. The items for both racing shell of measurement were measured on a 5-Point Likert-type scale, anchored by 1, strongly disagree through to 5, strongly agree.To assess the reliableness of the measurement items of all the variables, the researcher undertook Cronbachs Alpha coefficient analysis to test the reliability of the instruments. The instrument was tried for internal reliability and the following Table 2 demonstrates the scales generated.Table 2 Overall Internal dependablenessVariablesTransformational Leadership StyleCommitment to service qualityReliability(Cronbachs Alpha)0.9160.841The reliability tests indicate an excellent reliability for all its components with a coefficient alpha of above 0.7 exceeding the minimum acceptable level as suggested by Nunnally and Berstein (1994). In order to ascertain that all the measurements in this study exhibits some degree of validity, centre validity was conducted (Davis Consenza, 1988) in the pre -tested stage by soliciting the expert opinions of two professors from a university. After necessary modifications, the scale was also pre-tested to a set of respondents similar to the population as suggested by Davis and Consenza (1988).5. Findings/ Discussion.Tables 3 below resume the demographic profiles of the respondents. The sample also indicates that female respondents represented a slightly higher percentage of total samples (59%) when compared to the male respondents (41%). The majority of the respondents possessed Master degrees or others of similar level (71%) while 29 percent had completed their doctorate degree. Majority of the respondents were middle age of between 30 to 40 years of age (43%) followed by those between 40 to 50 years old (25%). About 18 percent of the academicians were younger of age of between 20-30 years. With reference to their experience in precept, the sample showed a balance between those who had teaching experience of between 1 to 5 years (33% ) and 5 to 10 years (28%).More than 47 percent of the respondents were from business faculty followed by faculty of information technology (12%).Table 3 Summary of Respondents visiblenessVariablesGenderFrequencyPercentDoctorate11329.2027470.8020 30 Years6917.8316843.419725.0750 and above5313.691

A Birthday Gone Bad Essay Example for Free

A Birthday byg matchless Bad EssayWhile I was standing inside the kitchen of my home, preparing the food for my girlfriends twelfth part birthday party, I heard the terrible screams of my daughter crying out for help. Without whatsoever hesitation at wholly, I dropped everything in my hands and ran to the back yard where all the guests of the party were at. I found my daughter sitting on the concrete floor next to our hottish tub, holding her butt and sobbing in horrible pain. As soon as I sat next to her, she ripped a three prong tillage rake out of the arch in the middle of her left foot. I thought for a mo that I was vent to be sick to my stomach.The gardening rake was dirty and rusted, and punctured a duncish hole right in the bottom of my daughters left foot. I picked her up and hie her into the bathroom where I began to clean the wound to the best of my abilities. She started to tell me how she managed to get a rake stuck in the middle of her foot when my husba nd walked in to the bathroom. He stopped her in the middle of her sentence to examined lesion and agreed with me that she needed to be taken to the hospital incase major damage was done into the inside of her foot. So I rushed her to the nearest fate room.See more Ethnic groups and racism essayOn our way to the emergency room she was finally able to tell me what had happened to her. My daughter communicate me that she was simply jumping outside of the hot tub in the attempt to jump into the pool. However, she failed to notice the gardening rake just lying close to on the floor and landed right on it. When we got to the emergency room the restore quickly informed me that my daughter was going to need tetanus picture to eliminate the risk of major infection. This information totally freaked my daughter out and made her want to leave the hospital that very minute because she was deathly afeared(predicate) of needles. After some time of convincing, she agreed to hold still for th e shot to be administered.After the shot was given the doctor ordered a MRI and an x-ray of my daughters foot to see if there was any damage done. When the results came in the doctor informed me that when she ripped the rake out of her foot, she managed to rip multiple ligaments and tendons inside of her foot. The barely way to completely heal her foot was to put her in a leg cast that went all the way up to her knee and leave in on for four weeks. By the time the doctor had finished putting the cast on, she was already complaining about having to use crutches and how everyone at school was going to make fun of her.When we got home my daughter had just had it with the day. It was suppose to be a great day and it so quickly turned into an ugly day. Nobody wants to spend their birthday in the hospital. Unfortunately for my daughter, she is one of the unlucky ones who has unexpected things happen to them in the blink of an eye.

A Study On Being John Malkovich English Language Essay

A subscribe On Being john Malkovich English Language EssayIn the movie Being John Malkovich Charlie Kaufman uses puppetry as a metaphor for not being in admit of your life. Discuss how he does this with destination reference to the filmCharlie Kaufman uses puppetry as a metaphor for not being in ascendence of your cause life in m whatever characters. Craig first uses physical puppetry to act verboten events that would not happen in real life, thus re pretending come across of his life. He later uses Malkovich as his puppet, although this does not help him gain control, it makes it worse. Kaufman demonstrates many layers of puppetry, showing how wad can be controlled by other people, making them puppets. Craig uses puppetry as an try to regain control of his life. Craig is in love with Maxine, barely she is not romantically interested in him. Craig I homogeneous you, I dont know what it is exactly Maxine My tits? Craig No, no, its like your energy or your attitude or the authority you carry yourself or Maxine Christ youre not a fag be you? (Kaufman, scallywag 27) He creates a puppet in absolute likeness of Maxine, and acts out his fantasises with the puppets of him and her, making them kiss and have a fiery conversation. Craig as Maxine Would you like to be inside my skin Craig? Think what I think? Feel what I feel? Craig as Craig More than anything Maxine Craig as Maxine Its good in here Craig, better than your wildest dreams (Kaufman, scallywag 30-31)This shows that because Craig cannot control the situation involving himself and Maxine in real life, he controls it by utilise puppets. He uses puppets to embody himself and Maxine and achieve what he desires. At the beginning of the movie Craig remarks that The great Mantini doesnt need a job (Kaufman, pageboyboy 2) in answer to angelfish asking him why he wont get a job. Craig is desperate to be a famous puppeteer, like Mantini, but in his own life he cannot achieve or control this. He us es Malkovich to become famous, embodying him and using his fame to his own advantage. Craig Its sort of like being a puppeteer. I like that about it. Maxine No one would ever have to know its not him. Craig And I could use his vivacious notoriety to launch my own puppeteering career (Kaufman, page 88)Put simply, Craig uses puppetry to control his career life by using Malkovich as his own puppet. In the end this doesnt work and Craigs life becomes even more out of his control. He loses angel shark and Maxine and becomes extremely unhappy. The final scene of the movie is Craig being inside Lotte and Maxines daughter Emily. He repeatedly says look away, look away, look away because he doesnt want to see how in control and happy Maxine and Lotte are, compared to his out of control existence. This leads on to another layer of puppetry, people dogmatic people.Kaufman cleverly uses many layers of puppetry as means of control. Many characters in the film are being controlled by others. M ost obvious is Malkovich, everyone manipulates him. Maxine and Craig are using him as a cash cow, and everyone who ventures through the portal is using him as a puppet. Maxine Good well sell tickets Craig Tickets to Malkovich? Maxine Sure, two hundred dollars a pop (Kaufman, page 36-37)Although Craig is the only one that is able to control Malkovichs actions and words, everyone who inhabits him is using him as a puppet. The people who use Malkovich in this way do so as means of controlling their lives. They are unhappy with their own lives and are attempting to improve it by being someone else. Maxine You can be John Malkovich Erroll Thats perfect My second choice. Ah this is wonderful. excessively good to be true You see Im a sad man. Sad and fat and alone. (Kaufman, page 54) This demonstrates that the people inhabiting Malkovich are attempting to regain control of their lives through puppetry. They do this because they are vulnerable andMaxine manipulates them through this. Maxi ne controls many characters in the film. She regularly controls Craig, even though she doesnt try hard to do it. Craig and Lotte are both in love with Maxine, they are being puppeteered by their feelings for her. When they both realise this they begin to fight and this results in Craig secure Lotte in a cage. Lotte screams Help Hes locking me in a cage (Kaufman, page 63) because Craig locks her in Elijahs cage so that he can see Maxine. This would never have happened if Maxine hadnt been controlling Lotte and Craig. Craig Thats true. Oh God Lotte what have I become? My wife in a cage with a monkey. A gun in my hand. Betrayal in my heart. (Kaufman, page 77) Puppetry also exists on a large scale in this movie. Many characters in this movie feel that their lives are not in their control, but by whose standards is this? Society dictates that people must have jobs, happy relationships and success. Yet in this movie, no-one seems to have any of these. No-one knows who Malkovich is, alth ough he is supposed to be a famous actor. Cabbie Say arnt you that actor guy? Malkovich Yeah. Cabbie John Makel .. Mapplethorpe? (Kaufman, page 33)This shows that even though society wants to be rich and famous, people dont even recognise you on the street. Craig and Lotte have a bad relationship and both fall in love with Maxine. This is in hold contrast with societys views on having a good relationship. Craig Hmmmm Lotte Some sort of childhood trauma she thinks Craig Hmmmm (Kaufman, page 17)The characters in the movie are not being puppeteered by societys standards, although they should be. They are being puppeteered by distributively other.In the movie Being John Malkovich, puppetry is a strong element and the characters use it for their own individual(prenominal) reasons. Craig uses puppetry because he feels his life is out of control and he is trying to regain that control, in the end this is frustrated and his life is more out of control than it was at the beginning. Maxin e uses puppetry indirectly, controlling Craig for her own gain. And of course, everyone uses Malkovich as a puppet, the humanity because they are vulnerable and want to control their lives and therefore (in their minds) improve it. Whatever the reasons for the characters using puppetry as a means of gaining control, it is obvious that Kaufman cleverly uses puppetry as a metaphor for not being in control of your own life.BibliographyBeing John Malkovich, Charlie Kaufman, 1999, New York imdb Being John Malkovich (Online) Available http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0120601/ Accessed 23-08-2009Psychoanalysis, film supposition and the case of being John Malkovich, D Dragunoiu, (Online) Available http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3076/is_2_26/ai_n28890509/ Accessed 24-08-2009